If you are looking for the greatest free antivirus for Microsoft windows, you should know that many security program makers supply the basic safeguard for free, however they lock out advanced features and further tools intended for paying consumers.
You should also consider the size and weight of the antivirus program, simply because heavyweight courses can cause any system to delay when you’re scanning the whole program. A lightweight antivirus software won’t trigger this problem, and may run smoothly on your computer.
Keeping your system kept up to date is the best way to protect the body, as more recent versions of Windows include security gaps that online hackers can exploit to steal info and gain access to money.
The majority of free antivirus programs should scan your computer for these openings and offer real-time protection, although not all of them try this.
This is where paid out antivirus goods come in handy. Fortunately, free anti virus programs permit you to try a few before choosing the one which works best for you.
Great choice is Panda Security, a no cost antivirus that actually works well upon both Windows and Android. While some antivirus providers provide you with the same applications as the premium variations, others require a subscription. Panda is a superb option for Windows users.
Another absolutely free antivirus application option is Avira. This lightweight malware suite has been online for a while, nonetheless it was the worst performer in AV-Test’s two-month real-world lab tests.
While in the field of Technology, the Free VPN For Macintosh with regards to Mac may well be Tunnelbear, you can discover a much better alternative at no cost whatsoever. This services offers an unrestricted data free of 1.
5GB per month, which usually isn’t a whole lot, but it can more than enough to hold you browsing the web by a decent velocity. Tunnelbear is also compatible with numerous Mac computers, and it includes more than twenty servers.
For security, MacOS comes with its built-in reliability features that make a VPN an excellent decision. Using a no cost VPN, nevertheless , can still pose securities risk when compared with not employing one by any means.
The security protocols and level of privacy features of absolutely free VPNs can be sketchy. And you may get connecting into a server which has a limited selection of servers. Subsequently, speeds may suffer.
ExpressVPN is yet another great alternative, with its local app with respect to Mac users. ExpressVPN’s security is military-grade and works well on any kind of 100 Mbps connection. It also offers a 30-day money back refund.
The downside to free VPNs is that they could be slow and put your Mac at data room due diligence risk, thus make sure to pick a paid Mac VPN harmless. You can also make an effort Windscribe, which offers a free trial of 10 gigabytes of bandwidth per month, and unlimited coexisting connections.
Good option for Free VPN For Macintosh designed for Mac is usually Hotspot Shield. This free of charge client exists on the Apple pc App Store and requires no subscription.
Although there are simply no ads, it uses a exclusive Catapult Hydra encryption protocol that maintains quickness on Mac pcs. It is also convenient to use. A problem with Hotspot Face shield is that it only gives servers in Japan, holland, and the Us.
Graphics cards have evolved dramatically in the last few years. They went from being simple pieces of hardware that could handle some basic functions to multifaceted machines that can do things like process multiple streams at once and operate on a much higher level than they used to. Graphics cards serve as one of the main components of any computer build, so it’s important to know how they work and how their evolution has made them more powerful over time.
The graphics card, also known as a video card, is a main component of any PC build. It’s responsible for sending all the information your computer needs to display on your monitor. Graphics cards got more impressive and complex over time, but their evolution has been rapid in the last few years.
The graphics card, also known as a video card, is a main component of any PC build. It’s responsible for sending all the information your computer needs to display on your monitor. Graphics cards got more impressive and complex over time, but their evolution has been rapid in the last few years.
Graphics cards are responsible for receiving data from your computer and then processing it so that you can see it on your monitor. This means they have access to all kinds of information that could potentially harm them if not properly secured or handled with care—like sensitive personal data or government secrets! For this reason, it’s important to always keep an eye on who has access to these devices (and make sure they don’t sell them off).
The Series 1 & 2
The first graphics cards, released in the early 1980s, were very basic. They only allowed for 256 colors and were used in arcade games and home computers. Due to their low resolution, they were expensive and plugged into a separate monitor.
When you think back on the early days of gaming, you might remember playing Pac-Man on an arcade machine with a single joystick for control. The game would involve moving around the maze eating up dots while avoiding ghosts that chase after Pac-Man (it was harder than it sounds). The reason why this game was so popular is because it was one of the first video games made available at arcades. It means that people could play it without having to buy any equipment themselves!
The Series 3 & 4
The Series 3 and 4 cards were the first to use GDDR5 memory, which is what makes them so fast. They also had a 256-bit bus, which means that they can handle more data at once than earlier models. The Series 3, released in 2008 and the Series 4, released in 2010; used this same basic architecture for their GPU cores. Manufacturers made improvements over time by adding higher clock speeds. They also increased memory bandwidth with faster buses.
The Series 5
Series 5, released in 2010, was the first to support 3D. It also supported DirectX 11 and HDMI 1.4a, which allowed for 4K (3840 x 2160) resolution at 24Hz or 25Hz. The Series 6 replaced the Series 5 in 2014, but it remains popular among gamers because it has a low price point and is able to run most modern games on high settings without any problems.
The Series 6
Series 6 is the latest addition to the graphics card line, and it’s also the first series to support ray tracing. Ray tracing allows game development teams to create more realistic lighting within their games. The technology isn’t cheap—and requires a lot of power—so you won’t find this feature on low-end cards. However, if you want your gaming experience to be as realistic as possible and are willing to spend some money, consider investing in this new type of card.
The Series 7
You may be familiar with the Radeon HD 7000 Series and the Radeon HD 8000 Series. Series 7 initially came out in 2011, and then 2012.
The following year, AMD introduced its new GPUs—the R9 300 Series, R9 400 Series and R9 500 Series—which brought more performance to the table than their predecessors while maintaining the same price points.
Newer cards like those mentioned above are typically referred to as “refreshes,” because they’re not necessarily brand new generations but rather incremental upgrades on top of existing designs that focus on improving performance for a specific set of tasks (in this case gaming).
The Series 8
AMD Radeon RX Vega 56
AMD Radeon RX Vega 64
AMD Radeon RX Vega 56 Nano
AMD Radeon RX Vega 64 Nano
AMD Radeon RX Vega 56 Nano Limited Edition
The Series 9
Series 9 was released in 2016 and was the first graphics card to use the Pascal architecture. This series also included GDDR5X memory and HBM2 memory for the first time.
The Series 10
It is the most powerful, efficient, and expensive series of graphics cards to date. It also came with a few improvements that made it more reliable than previous iterations:
The memory modules were enhanced for better performance
The power supply system supported double the voltage of previous models
These are all the major series of graphics cards available for desktop computers.
The [S3 Graphics] company was a pioneer in making graphics cards for personal computers and is still active to this day.
In 1989, they released the S3 Pro Turbo (nicknamed the “Turbo”). The card featured 4MB of RAM, which was more than any other card at that time. It also had two ports: one for RGB monitors and another for VGA monitors.
The next year they released their next generation of graphics processors: the S3 Virge line of graphics cards. This series included 4MB memory as well as support for SVGA modes under Windows 3/Windows 95 operating systems (though DOS drivers were available).
Conclusion
It’s amazing in field of Technology, how far graphics cards have come in just over two decades. From their humble beginnings as simple pieces of hardware with little processing power and memory, they’ve become some of the most important components in any computer build. We hope this article has helped you better understand the history of graphics cards so that you can make an informed decision when choosing a new one for yourself or someone else!
The Internet Explorer browser was discontinued on June 15, 2022, after 27 years of service. With IE mode, Microsoft Edge has been the substitute for legacy websites. Internet Explorer-based webpages and apps should open in Microsoft Edge in Internet Explorer mode.
After June 15, Microsoft Edge will replace iexplore.exe, even if Internet Explorer is still on your PC. In a similar vein, Microsoft Edge will replace I.E web browser automatically.
End of life for Internet Explorer
An era looks to be coming to an end as the I.E end of life occurred. In 1995, I.E browser, originally known as Microsoft Internet Explorer, was made available as a free add-on for Windows. After that, it was freely available and included in Windows 95 OEM service releases.
Because there weren’t many popular online browsers at the time, I.E quickly became the preferred option for Windows users. Microsoft launched 11 versions of Internet Explorer between 1995 and 2013, each of which added some fresh functionality.
Microsoft official Web Browser
This Microsoft official web browser used to govern 95% of all web browser usage, but that percentage has recently severely dropped to just 0.62 percent. The Internet Explorer, as its name suggests, was the sole way to browse the Internet back in the 1980s and 1990s for many people, especially young people. It will not be incorrect to state that its legacy will endure.
The only two browsers at the time that permitted programmatic access to create pictures, components, and links were Internet Explorer and Netscape. Additionally, most people are unaware that I.E 3 was the first browser to use CSS.
Internet Explorer has lost its allure and appeal as a result of the emergence of numerous other, fiercely competing web browsers. And it results towards the end of life of I.E . Not to mention the huge lags between version updates and new releases as well as its much-maligned speed issues.
Dominating the Market
Internet Explorer dominated the market in the early 2000s, but then rival web browsers like Opera and Firefox entered the market, followed by Google Chrome, which featured a number of contemporary features and was really fast. In favor of Microsoft Edge, the company’s most recent release, Microsoft stopped releasing new capabilities for Internet Explorer in 2016.
Those who used Windows PCs in their homes, companies, and schools in the late 1990s and early 2000s would undoubtedly look back on them with fondness and remember the Internet Explorer with nostalgia.
Alternative Web Browsers
Since alternative web browsers began to dominate the internet, the I.E has gained notoriety, particularly for its sluggish pace. The browser that is only used to download other browsers was how it was originally described. In January 2015, I.E was formally replaced by Microsoft Edge, and in Windows 11, it was also taken off the Start menu.
A brief history of Internet Explorer
The internet quickly rose to the top of Microsoft’s priorities in 1995. Web advancements, according to a memo from Bill Gates, then-CEO of Microsoft, “will shape the trajectory of our industry for a long time to come.” Microsoft provided Internet Explorer as part of the free Windows 95 operating system. It swiftly gained ground.
With Windows, the most popular PC operating system in the world, the I.E web browser gained a commanding lead in browser market share. Because of this tactic, Microsoft was able to compete with Netscape Communications’ Navigator browser at the time.
Antitrust Lawsuit
The U.S. Justice Department labelled the inclusion of I.E with Windows 95 as an “illegal tie-in” when it brought its historic antitrust lawsuit against Microsoft in 1998. The company modified the terms of its contracts with device manufacturers to permit them to take the browser’s icons out of Windows if they want to highlight rival browsers.
Internet Explorer Unsafe
Internet Explorer’s reputation has also been harmed by other problems. In 2004, a security expert called using the browser “foolish.” “Internet Explorer Unsafe for 284 Days in 2006” was the headline of an article that appeared in The Washington Post.
Following the discovery of one vulnerability in 2014, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security advised anyone who couldn’t follow Microsoft’s mitigation recommendations to think about using a different browser. These problems result in the end of life of I.E .
Other Web Browsers
The performance of the Internet Explorer browser wasn’t always the best. When Chrome first came out in 2008, its speed especially astounded users. That had been planned. Speed, stability, and security were the three S’s that Google chose when deciding on the values for Chrome, according to Aaron Bodman, a former Chrome engineering manager.
Even now, the performance gap with the I.E web browser is obvious. It can’t compete with Chrome, Edge, or Apple’s Safari in terms of how it handles the widely used HTML5 markup language.
Over a 25-year period, digital preferences evolved. With the advent of Chrome in 2012, Google gained the upper hand in the browser battles and the smartphone became a ubiquitous companion for billions of people.
Using Chromium, the open-source project that powers Google’s Chrome browser, Microsoft introduced a new version of Edge in 2020. This version of Edge included I.E mode, allowing enterprise workers to use Edge to access websites made for Internet Explorer. Last year, Microsoft recommended users switch from I.E to Edge.
The corporation is currently making its original browser even less visible.
Microsoft is now trying to get users of Internet Explorer to switch to Edge, which has a 4 percent market share, according to privately held Stat Counter data. According to Lynder, the business will transfer Internet Explorer settings, passwords, and favorites to Edge. He claimed Edge is “the greatest browser for Windows.”
I have to inquire when someone uses a phrase like ” lifestyle of freedom.” What do you mean? Do you have an idea of what “lifestyle freedom” means when you think about it? Perhaps a vision, more probable.
Freedom to Live your Life
Some individuals only associate the phrase with being wealthy. You have more freedom to live your life as you like, whenever you please, and whenever you want, since you have more money than you could ever need.
If you desire one you can purchase a mega-mansion. You purchase a luxury car if you want one, so forth. For some, having a free lifestyle is all about the glitter. But I have a slightly more straightforward image of lifestyle independence.
Don’t misunderstand me. That bling is awesome. However, it takes time to look around for the ideal mega-mansion and test drive every vehicle.Sometimes it’s not the toys you’re really chasing that you’re really chasing, but something else. More flexibility is what you desire. Your time, indeed.
Lifestyle Freedom is getting control of your time
When I worked for companies, organizations, or bureaucracies, my coworkers were constantly complaining about what they could not do. For instance, they may attend a child’s sporting event, since they would not be able to make it to work on time since the event was planned for the late afternoon.
If you need something checked out, go to the doctor without warning. Alternately, go shopping on a Tuesday when no one is around and you may escape the lines and the crowded parking lot.
Alternately, consider taking a vacation during a non-peak period to avoid paying peak season rates and competing with other travelers. The Lifestyle of Freedom is that.
Face Time
Freedom of life also refers to how you organize your day. Some people thrive when they are at work in the morning, and they would give anything to come in at that time and leave earlier. Some people would rather work through the night. But because “face time” is required, neither can make the adjustment.
Appear in Person
Face time irritates me. This implies that you must appear in person at the office, ideally between the hours of 9 a.m. and 5 p.m. Real performance is irrelevant. Your output is unimportant. Your contribution’s effectiveness and originality are not evaluated. Only the proper individuals will see you between the hours of 9 and 5. How many people put up with long commutes, congested elevators, dull talks at the water cooler, and protracted meetings just to get some “face time”?
Worst ills in Business
Face time is one of the worst ills in business, but it keeps happening because it is so important in how people are seen. If you and another person are deemed “equally qualified,” the promotion will go to the one who is “known,” since people are more at ease with people they are familiar with.
You might only be viewed as equally qualified because the ‘known’ one has existed for a while. It’s possible that they didn’t perform any actual labor. Maybe all day they played tennis. However, because they hung around with the appropriate people, they got the promotion while you didn’t.
Is continuing to work for a company with those beliefs worth your adult life?
Lifestyle of freedom is never having to deal with that scenario again.
An adventurous way of life
Life of freedom also means that you can live a full and adventurous life. You can benefit from adventure travel in a variety of ways. It gives you a lot of fresh experiences while making you feel better on the inside.
Traveling is the best way to experience the excellent, adventurous way of life that everyone deserves.
Beyond just giving you fun and memories, adventure travel—going beyond the sand beaches and city breaks—can have several advantages. The following list of 10 benefits of adventure travel may persuade you to start planning your next vacation right away to have adventurous life.
Maintain your composure under pressure.
Take stock of your life.
Show off your skills.
Keep to your means.
Create new connections.
Gain better health.
Acquire new abilities.
Expand your brain.
The local community.
Achieve your goals.
You can benefit from adventure travel in a variety of ways. It gives you a lot of fresh experiences while making you feel better on the inside and exterior.
You’ll learn new things that you can utilize later on in life, such as new talents and information. So, stop waiting and embark on an adventure right away.
Feel closer to nature:
Spending more time in nature can improve your health and wellbeing through simple actions like installing bird feeders next to your windows and pausing to observe the trees and clouds.
Spending two hours near nature each week, even in brief bursts, has been demonstrated to significantly improve health and wellness.
Promote Calm
An easy technique to promote calm is to start your day with a cup of coffee in the garden or simply close to an open window. Other suggestions include going outside during your lunch break or spending some time before bed gazing at the night sky.
To stimulate your senses, Jo Phillips, a director of the Forest School Association, advises looking for “five wonderful things.” “It might be a flower, a cloud, tree lichen, or the sun’s rays.” and these are the elements that you will find by sitting near to nature.
Simple methods to enhance exposure to nature include boarding the bus at an earlier stop or taking a stroll during breaks at work.
According to Francis, bird boxes near windows and planting and caring for plants on a windowsill can also offer year-round pleasure for people who are unable to go outside, according to Francis.
This requires an hour of bird watching, which you can do even from a window with a nice view. The things that are near to nature brings you happiness.
Eternal satisfaction
Each of us has our own personal definitions of what it means to be free. Similarly, happiness can be said to be a state. Everyone values freedom highly and strives to obtain it out of fear of lacking it since it leads to happiness and eternal satisfaction of someone. It is the satisfaction that comes from inside without any doubts.
In fact, a recent study found that there is a causal relationship between freedom and happiness.The study’s key finding is that everyone can only feel content and happy in life when they have the freedom to pursue their own passions and eventually will have eternal satisfaction about life.
Conclusion
When it comes to the flourishing of life’s fundamental goods, the moral good of justice, and, lastly, the spiritual scope of life itself in peace as well-being and well-doing, we must take action to intensify, extend, and make life resilient.
According to the World Bank report, Bangladesh’s Economy is the fastest growing economy. Apart from this, Bangladesh’s poverty has reduced from 43.5% to 14.3% in two decades.
Furthermore, there is a need to improve the rule of law, electoral democracy, and human rights situation. Without these, economic development is meaningless.
Bangladesh’s Garment Industry
In the last seven years, Bangladesh’s garment industry has increased its annual revenue from $19 billion to $34 billion. According to the International Finance Corporation (IFC), almost 79% of revenue rose.
Bangladesh’s economic progress started in the 1980s when garment industries in the 1980s and 90s gained significant economic progress. Further, it allowed many private entrepreneurs to contribute to the economy.
Bangladesh Economy
Bangladesh’s economy is one of the fastest growing economies in the world. It has stable macroeconomic conditions and has recovered its economy during the COVID-19 pandemic situation. Bangladesh’s GDP growth was 6.9 percent in FY21. Bangladesh has shown remarkable economic transformation.
The World Bank says that today’s low-income countries can learn important lessons from Bangladesh. In 2019, Bangladesh had 4,6000 factories that produced garments and exports amounted to about $33 billion. Bangladesh’s economy will grow by about $516.24 billion in the fiscal 2024–25.
South Asian economies in 2025
In the South Asian region, Bangladesh has been the second-largest economy since 2019. It will maintain this position till 2025. In addition to this, in 2021 Bangladesh’s GDP will be US$2,138.794 and that is higher than India, according to the International Monetary Fund.
Bangladesh’s Economy VS India
Bangladesh is a rising star among South Asian economies. In 2019, Bangladesh per capita income was $ 1,856- substantially higher than Pakistan’s $1,285. Further, it is only $250 less than India.
Bangladesh’s GDP growth is 2.4 percent whereas India’s GDP growth is about 7.3 percent. In 2020 Bangladesh’ GDP was higher than India and will maintain its position so then it will reach about $2, 994.46 in FY25. On the other side, India’s per capita GDP will be $2,829.65.
Bangladesh’s GDP is about $411 billion compared to Pakistan’s GDP it is about $347 billion. It has the 33rd largest economy in the world. Further, experts said that the size of economy could double by 2030.
Furthermore, in Pakistan and Bangladesh elites’ society enjoyed all benefits and privileges.
Human development paradox
In human development, Bangladesh has made more progress as compared to Pakistan. Bangladesh has made progress in elementary school enrollment, but on the other hand, 44% of Pakistani students are out of school. It is the second-highest number in the world. However, Bangladesh is successful in elementary school enrollment.
Bangladesh’s Economy Crisis
Bangladesh imported goods and its worth about $61.52 billion (€58.48billion) in 2021-2022 fiscal year. Many in Bangladesh have fear that their country could face a similar situation like Sri Lanka due to trade deficit is rising and foreign debt burden. Bangladesh imports are set that is about $85billion in this year, however its exports will not be more than $50 billion.
The Chilling Horrors of Guantanamo Bay cover an area of 45 square miles on the eastern coast of Cuba. It is under the United States’ occupation as its first overseas naval base, established at the end of the 19th century. With the initial aim of strengthening the US Navy, Guantanamo Bay has always been the talk of the town.
Clash of Ownership
At first due to the clash of ownership over the Bay between Cuba and the United States and then after the formation of a notorious detention facility, set up by the Bush administration after 9/11 as a policy measure of its “War on Terror” to interrogate and imprison Al-Qaeda members beyond the jurisdictional and constitutional limits.
Even after twenty years since its inception, the Chilling Horrors of Guantanamo Bay Detention Camp still stands out for its notoriety, abuses, and torture of the inmates.
Historical Background
The Chilling Horrors of Guantanamo Bay date back to Theodore Roosevelt’s era of civil service in the 19th century. At the end of the 19th century, Roosevelt and the political leadership (Republicans and Democrats) of America wanted to strengthen and expand the US Navy by establishing naval bases at strategic locations in the Caribbean Sea to thrive in the newly emerging trade markets.
In this respect, Roosevelt advocated the presence of a Naval base at Guantanamo, which according to him, would ensure “the creation of a modern and more well-rounded military with an enduring presence in the Caribbean”.
Spanish-American War
The opportunity came when the Cubans fought for their independence against the Spanish colonisation in 1898, and America intervened, instigating the Spanish-American War. The war ended after six months of military confrontations when the Spanish surrendered Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines to America due to the Paris Agreement of 1898.
With the war’s end, the Cubans came under the imperialist control of the Americans, and for Cubans to attain complete independence, they needed the withdrawal of American troops.
The United States demanded they amend their constitution to accommodate the seven conditions put forth by the US, which included allowing the lease of any piece of Cuba’s land for an indefinite period to an American Naval Base as a goodwill gesture to reciprocate America’s help during their independence struggle.
The Platt Amendment
The Platt Amendment allowed the US to intervene to protect Cuban sovereignty and the right to create up to 4 naval bases on the island, but the United States only managed to build one. The Amendment was signed in 1901, after which American forces withdrew and Cuba was declared a Republic.
In 1903, another treaty was bilaterally signed certifying America’s complete jurisdiction and control over 45 sq. miles of the Chilling Horrors of Guantanamo Bay, which can only be eliminated through a mutual agreement (Rothman, 2015).
Good Neighbour Policy
However, in 1934, the Platt Amendment was repealed, and most of its conditions were abrogated mutually under President Franklin Roosevelt’s “Good Neighbour Policy” towards Latin America. Still, the right to maintain a naval base was retained.
The base’s history was highlighted in the 1960s when Fidel Castro threatened to push the American Navy out of the base if it continued to interfere in Cuban domestic issues, particularly its economy.
He never took to hardliner policy to exterminate the US Navy because of the repercussions that could be triggered by a US attack on Cuba and impeach him.
Worldwide Sensation
It was not until 2002 that The Chilling Horrors of Guantanamo became a worldwide sensation. Post 9/11, the security environment surrounding the White House was comprised of fear of imminent terrorist activities that could escalate within the coming period as reports regarding Osama bin Laden’s attempt to get his hands on biological, chemical, and nuclear weapons gained global coverage.
With this security landscape, the Bush administration sought a site for detaining the high-profile Al-Qaeda members so as to keep them away from American soil and to ensure their full-proof security. Many sites were considered for this purpose, but Chilling Horrors of Guantanamo Bay ticked all the parameters set by the officials.
The second task was to prevent the Geneva Conventions or the United States Constitution from being applied to the prisoners. Since the prison was on foreign land, the United States laws were not applicable there, as far as the Geneva Conventions were concerned.
Legal Black Hole
The Bush administration labelled the captives as “unlawful combatants” instead of “Prisoners of War”, which cleared them of any obligations under the UN to treat the prisoners as humane and provide for basic requirements as the POWs were entitled to under the third Geneva Convention. Critics condemned this policy as a “legal black hole”.
Unlawful Combatant
The term “unlawful combatant” is applied to those mercenaries and fighters who work for a leader who is not a representative of a recognised government by international law. To provide the excuse or rationale, the officials proclaimed that Al-Qaeda constituted a non-state actor and were not signatories to the Geneva Conventions. Therefore, they should not be authorised to use the protection designated for POWs as they do not fit the criteria.
Camp X-Ray
Initially called “Camp X-Ray”, the facility comprised of seven camps, namely Camp Echo, Camp Delta, Camp Iguana, Camp Five, Camp Six, and Camp Seven, where the perpetrators were kept under surveillance, constant observation, in rooms made of mesh, wires, and metals with zero privacy and persistent exposure.
The ill-fated Interrogations and Torture
Since 2002, the Chilling Horrors of Guantanamo Bay Detention Centre, or Gitmo, has accommodated 780 Muslim prisoners from 48 countries, among whom 732 have been released either to their home country or any other country without charges and after being held for nearly two decades without any legal representation.
The Guantanamo Docket
As per the Human Rights Watch, nine died in custody, and only 16 of them were ever charged with criminal offences. According to New York Times’ article “The Guantanamo Docket,” the highest number of captives were taken from Afghanistan (203), Saudi Arabia (140), Pakistan (63), Oman (30) and the UAE (24)
Despite torture being globally prohibited and considered illegal, in December 2002, the Secretary of State Donald Rumsfeld allowed a list of 15 abuse techniques to be used upon the Chilling Horrors of Guantanamo Bay detainees, which included forceful silence, sleep and food deprivation, persistent exposure to light and noise, keeping blindfolded, solitary confinements, thrashing, subject to phobias, etc.
Donald Rumsfeld
Along with the permission to use the aforementioned techniques, the ground staff of the prison were given free hands during interrogation in terms of impunity, which led to extreme abuse. As per the 2008 Senate Report, Rumsfeld gave the green signal to many torture techniques, despite disapproval by the military lawyers and experts.
Human Rights Violations
The globally infamous prison has witnessed all sorts of abuses, torture, and human rights violations in its span of 20 years, be they physical, sexual, mental, psychological, or even spiritual. According to reporters, “Abu-Gharib-style torture and sexual humiliation” was conducted there.
Misusing and Exploiting their Authority
In a 2005 New York Times article, the reporter Anthony Lewis mentioned an FBI agent’s exact words, “I entered interview rooms to find a detainee chained hand and foot in a foetal position to the floor, with no chair, food, or water. Most of the time, they had urinated or defecated on themselves and had been left there for 18-24 hours or more.”
Physical abuse at the centre was primarily carried out by the “Immediate Reactionary Force”, comprised of military police, with the purpose of ensuring discipline and law and order in the prison camps.
They often misused and exploited their authority and carried out brutal torture, including prolonged, vicious, and frequent beatings, smashing, grabbing, throwing, punching, stomping against walls, dragging across stony paths, handcuffing and tying in stressful positions for continuous time periods, short shackling (having one’s arms and legs shackled and bent forwards), using tear gas and pepper spray; and much more.
Beating Up Prisoners
As per the statement of an inmate, one day a prisoner named Al Dossari returned to his cell and saw that a few of his usual items were missing. The MP on duty, Webster, pushed him to the ground in the cell and cursed at him. Dossari shouted back at him. The MP called for the Immediate Reaction Force (IRF).
When the IRF team arrived, one of the MPs named Smith burst into the cage and jumped on Al Dossari’s back, wearing full riot gear, and at that time, he weighed 240 pounds. At least two other men held al-Dossari by the legs. He began to choke him with his hands, while the other repeatedly hit his head on the floor. While being beaten, Al Dossari lost consciousness.
When the cage was hosed down later, the water ran red with blood. Mr. Al Dossari later asked Smith why he had beaten him. Smith replied, “because I’m Christian.”
Doctors Violating Medical Ethics
Medical abuse was also prevalent. The medications of the prisoners were withheld by the interrogators and allowed to be released on the basis of their cooperation. What is more deteriorating is that the medical staff were equally involved in these practices.
The doctors and psychologists violated the medical ethics of patients’ right to privacy, which was in turn dissipated by the IRF forces to blackmail and threaten the prisoners.
As claimed by Usman Abdul Raheem, an inmate “He had a rash on his back and was told it would not be treated until he cooperated with the interrogators.”
Another prisoner, Ruhel Ahmed, stated, “I needed corrective lenses due to an eye problem and I was denied the lenses for 1 and a half years, after which I was granted the lenses but not the solution to wash them. It has all collectively added to the permanent damage to my eyes.”
Psychological Abuse
Psychological abuse includes persisted timeframes of solitary confinement, which has stretched up to years for some prisoners and resulted in severe mental health issues and traumas leading to bewilderment, severe anxiety, panic attacks, hallucinations, depression and obsession.
An inmate, Asif Iqbal, reported that he was put in isolation for writing “have a nice day” on a polystyrene cup because it was deemed to be “malicious damage to U.S. government property.”
Being exposed to extreme temperatures, along with noise and light, was another severe method of invoking the feeling of helplessness among the prisoners. Detainees were either kept under intense lights for 24 hours or kept in complete darkness for longer periods.
A prisoner, Belkalcem Bensayah, was exposed to fluorescent lights 24 hours a day for seventeen straight months, and as a result, he now cannot look at anything for longer periods of time as he sees black spots.
As stated by the FBI witnesses, another detainee, Murbati, was once short shackled with his hands tied underneath his legs, and for a continuous 12 hours, he was tormented by very loud music and white noise played on six speakers in close proximity to his head.
They were also exposed to extreme hot and cold temperatures in their cells for months. An inmate, Mustafa Ait Idir, was left shackled in a room with the air conditioning on very high for 5 or 6 hours, exacerbating a kidney ailment he was known to have.
He was then placed in a solid steel isolation cell (“very cold”), and his sleeping pad was taken away because he refused to cooperate with interrogators.
Sleep Deprivation
Sleep deprivation was another tactic used by the authorities to weaken and destabilise the captives. The IRF constantly disturbed the inmates and kept on waking them throughout the day and night through constant banging on doors, asking them to set their things in a specific manner after every hour, excessive light, loud noises, and rising or dropping temperatures.
The crudest example of such torture was that of Mohammad Al-Qahtani who was deprived from sleeping for 50 days. This action was in accordance with the “special interrogation Plan” approved by the then State Secretary, Donald Rumsfeld.
Sexual Threats
The use of sexual threats, rapes, and sexual humiliation as an active interrogative tool was initiated at Chilling Horrors of Guantanamo Bay. and then exported to Abu Ghraib (United States Detention Centre in Iraq) and other notorious detention centres. Male prisoners were frequently harassed by female MPs when they touched them for false checking purposes.
The prisoners were periodically seduced and bribed to be given sexual favours by the females, if they decided to cooperate, especially during Ramazan when Muslim males are highly prohibited from touching females.
When one of the victims, Murat Kurnaz, forced a woman away from him who was trying to be intimate with him, he was brutally beaten by the IRF members and was shackled for a straight twenty hours.
Many juvenile prisoners were reported to have been taken to isolation rooms and then raped and sexually molested by the guards
As stated by a British prisoner, an Algerian man was “forced to watch a video supposedly showing two prisoners dressed in orange, one sodomizing the other, and was told that it would happen to him if he didn’t cooperate.”
Disrespect of the Holy Quran
Only when all of this was still not enough, did the American forces take up the most inhumane practice, religious abuse. They degraded the inmates’ religion, i.e., Islam, interfered with their religious rituals and customs, and humiliated and insulted them on religious grounds.
The desecration and disrespect of the Holy Quran was the most eminent of the methods which would fuel outrage and, in return, provide the IRF forces with an excuse to maltreat the prisoners.
Despite knowing the fact that the holy book is entitled to the utmost affection and esteem and that the Muslims were very diligent when it comes to the regard of the Holy Quran, the guards intentionally humiliated the Holy Quran by throwing it on the ground and putting their feet over it, shaking the Quran violently, tearing its pages and the bindings for searches, and mishandling the Holy Book periodically.
Once, a female IRF member was asked to search for a detainee’s room. She took the Quran from the shelf of the prison and, with other prisoners watching, she threw it in the bag at her feet. This caused massive resentment, and she was drenched with water by them, and she later went on to confess that she did it to provoke them.
Additionally, they were refused to keep beards, which were regularly shaved as the US considered it “a symbol of terrorism”. Prisoners at Guantanamo Bay were forced to give up their pants as they could not offer prayers until their legs and waists were covered with clothes.
The prisoners were denied food at the time of breaking the fast. They would make a mockery of the Azan by barking like dogs or hee-hawing like donkeys. Moazzam Begg, a victim of this abuse, asserted, “It is the faith of the detainees that is targeted: the religion of Islam.”
The High Number of Suicide Attempts
As a result of all these abuses, malpractices, and ill-treatments, people became suicidal and committed self-harm whenever they were given the chance. Within the initial year of the Chilling Horrors of Guantanamo Bay. 18 prisoners attempted suicide by engaging in 28 attempts. As per US official statements, in 2003 alone, there were 350 acts of “self-harm,” including 120 “hanging gestures.”
In August 2003, a mass suicide attempt took place in which 23 prisoners tried to take their lives due to the desecration and humiliation of the Holy Quran at the hands of the interrogators and IRF members. The first and the last actual suicides occurred in June 2006, when the 3 detainees turned out to be successful in taking their lives.
Another captive, Moazzam Begg, once recalled his bitter and worse memories of the prison: “Two soldiers sat on top of me, one on my head, one on my back.” They took out a knife, and they slipped off my clothes with a knife, and I could feel the cold steel against my skin.
And then they dragged me in the mud, screaming and shouting, spitting in my face, spitting on my body, spitting on other prisoners, kicking me, punching me, bringing dogs, and then photographing me in this state, and then shaving my beard off, shaving my hair off, and then interrogating me naked, shivering in the cold.
The fact that the higher official authorities were completely aware of the plight of the prisoners is strengthened by the fact that the Pentagon “praised the Commanding Officer of the Chilling Horror of Guantanamo Detention Centre in 2002, Major General Geoffrey Miller for improving the flow of information from terrorist suspects and the use of notorious methods of inspection” Miller was quoted saying, “I think of Chilling Horrors of Guantanamo Bay as the interrogation battle lab in the War against Terror”.
Why has the Detention Camp not closed yet?
The Camp came into the limelight within a short span after its inception after the released captives went vocal about the treatment of prisoners in the Chilling Horrors of Guantanamo Bay. Mass protests, movements, and international condemnations came about. From the general public to human rights advocates to Amnesty International to the United Nations, everyone criticised the Bush administration and demanded the closure of the facility as soon as possible.
Obama Administration
However, nothing substantial was done. The Obama administration tried to close the detention and torture facility when a huge spike in criticism against the abuse and maltreatment of prisoners took place. However, the presidential order signed by Barack Obama proved inadequate as Congress opposed the decision and decided to continue running the facility.
The Pentagon did not seem active on the issue, along with the legal questions and chaos surrounding the executive order. Similarly, Trump’s pre-election stance on prison provided sufficient evidence to conclude that he should not put an end to this vice. His statement that “he would load up the Chilling Horrors of Guantanamo Bay facility with bad dudes” reflected his policy.
Trump Administration
By signing his executive order, Trump reversed Obama’s order to close the facility. Anyhow, his tenure still did not witness an increment in the number of detainees as the maintenance cost of it was crazy, approximately $13 million per prisoner. With the Biden administration in power, many people hope to witness the historical decision of clearing this huge blot on American honour.
Biden Administration
Wells Dixon, an attorney of Constitutional Rights, stated, “President Biden has stated his intention to close the Chilling Horrors of Guantanamo Bay as a matter of policy but has not taken substantial steps toward closure.” At the same time, according to a senior officer of the White House, “The administration is committed to closing the detention centre, an effort it “jump-started” after four years of inaction under Trump.”
With little hope to foresee and a lot on their plates at the moment, whether the Biden administration will be able to abandon the facility or not is yet to be seen.
Asserted by an Amnesty International human rights activist and the USA’s Director of Security with HR, “President Biden must uphold his commitment to close the chilling horrors of Guantanamo Bay once and for all.” The longer the prison remains in use, the longer it continues to undermine US credibility globally on human rights. “
Conclusion
Despite projecting themselves as the champions and protagonists of human rights, Americans have yet again failed to sync what they preach with what they practice. The camp advocates associate its existence with US national security and call the victims it caters to “the Worst of the Worst.” In contrast, the critics accuse the governments of violating the US Constitution.
The Torture Treaty, of which the United States was among the founding members, the United Nations Charter, and International Humanitarian Law. They maintain that, with poor regard for IHL, American detainees abroad are also at high risk of exposure to inhumane torture techniques.
One of the founding members of the Chilling Horrors of Guantanamo Detention Centre, Michael Lehnert, a Marine Corps General, has become an active detractor of the decision to keep the low-profile fighters and rebels in custody for a prolonged period without charges against the American spirit.
“To me, the existence of the Chilling Horrors of Guantanamo is anathema to everything that we represent, and it needs to be closed for that reason,” Lehnert said.
Dollar and Pakistan. The 1930s Great Depression gave the world some magisterial lessons. During those difficult times, a British economist dubbed J.M Keynes shone out as a pioneer of modern economics. His idea of “government intervention” assisted in laying the foundation of today’s macroeconomics. Global markets have hitherto leaned more on micro notions of consumer and firm behavior.
Smithian Economics
Smithian economics, on the other hand, deplores government interference and preaches the laissez-faire doctrine. Because the world is now functioning on the Keynesian schema, and government intervention is heralded as a necessity for all states, even in good times. This usually has a detrimental impact on the economy.
But how can we see that government intervention or the free market is vital in Pakistan’s money market, where the dollar is designated a tradable commodity. The dollar’s hegemony was enshrined in a high-rise edifice at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, in 1944. At the time, the worldwide currencies were pegged to the dollar, which was fixed to gold.
Dollar as a Global Currency
The dollar’s significance as a global currency is pivotal to the global market. The market value of the dollar relative to local currencies has a strong influence on the country’s debt, capital inflows and outflows, and, most importantly, exports and imports. Overvaluation or devaluation of the local currency versus the dollar portends either good or bad omens, depending on the country’s economic status.
Countries that want to grow exports intend to devalue their currency against the dollar to compete on a global scale. Overvaluation, on the other hand, has the capacity to cause mayhem. This may be accomplished by central bank involvement to keep the economy flourishing and the value of their currencies stable.
Dollar and Pakistan’s Lawmakers
Pakistan, is one of those countries where industrialists and parliamentarians have seized control over the economy. Aside from the intervention in the rupee value the dollar is also not left untreated. Despite the fact that the economy cannot operate in such a way or, if it does, cannot be sustained.
These lawmakers and magnates have a history of manipulating the price of the dollar in the money market by altering its supply. This intervention, which is driven by the intention of profit maximization or a desire to make a good impression on the public to gain votes, may succeed in the short term, but it will result in a more depressed economy in the long run.
Creating an Artificial Void
Parliamentarians and the Industrialists step out of line against national creating an artificial void interest by attempting to increase the value of the dollar. Subsequently, Private investors, both domestic and foreign, withdraw dollars from the money market and begin hoarding them. The dollar’s value skyrockets against the local currency, creating an artificial void.
High Market Prices
Supply gets skewed relative to demand, resulting in a stronger dollar against the local currency. This is described in economic terms as “too much money chasing too few goods,” and as a result, the same dollar is sold at high market prices. This may be done in response to any form of political unrest, but it is most typically seen in the pursuit of massive profits.
Artificial Drop in the Value of the Dollar
Democratic regimes, on the other hand, also have had an influence on the value of the dollar in a country. When the dollar appears to be overvalued relative to the local currency, governments either instantly from foreign reserves or through private individuals inject dollars.
This causes an artificial drop in the value of the dollar, giving the impression that the local currency is appreciating. This has happened in the last few days. The dollar fell by 7 to 8 rupees immediately after the coalition government assumed the charge. This was an artificial adjustment, to the value of the dollar prompted by the injection of a huge amount of dollars from reserves.
Long-Term Economic Disruption
The PTI administration depreciated the rupee against the dollar in 2019 for two reasons. One, to adjust the rupee’s overvaluation.And the other, to encourage the country’s exports. It is worth noting that the dollar gained ground against the rupee. Also as a result of international inflation driven by the pandemic and the Ukraine crisis.
Allowing the dollar to appreciate and refraining from meddling in the exchange rate was a sensible option. The two types of unlawful local acts stated above performed an exquisite job of helping the government to garner public support. So, fewer people are aware of such unlawful interventions that lead to long-term economic disruption.
Conclusion
To recapitulate, the dollar, like all other currencies, is only a medium of exchange rather than a tradable commodity. The market, not politics, should determine the value of the dollar. Because economies benefit more from a free-floating exchange rate.
Black market premium is an unlawful activity that needs a law to punish the culprits. Devaluation can be one way to assist growth in particular circumstances and grave needs. Negligence, either way, has the potential to destabilize the economy.
This year, Columbus Day occurs on Monday, October 14. Christopher Columbus (real name Cristofor Colombo) was born on this day. If you commemorate him on any other day. You are supporting racist genocide, enormous land theft, brutal slavery, serial rape of children and adults, and systematic torture. I have evidence for that. But let me first give you some important background information.
Christopher Columbus A Hero or A Villain
A villain, Christopher Columbus. He may be a hero in various circumstances. On many other fronts, though, he is a cruel villain because of so many bad things done by him.
The discovery of America by Christopher Columbus. Yes we celebrate the day that marks Christopher’s first landing in America on October 12, 1492.
America Celebrating Columbus Day
On the 300th anniversary of his mythical arrival in America. Tammany Hall, a notoriously corrupt organization, hosted the first-ever official Columbus Day celebration in New York in 1792. President Benjamin Harrison declared the 400th anniversary one hundred years later. Franklin D. Roosevelt also declared Columbus Day a national holiday in 1937.Actually, the discovery of America was not done by Christopher Columbus. In actuality, Taino, Arawak, and Lucayan Red/Brown people had been residing on this continent. In the so-called New World for 14,000 years prior to his 1451 birth.
Expeditions to the America
Soon after his inept invasion/arrival a la Gilligan’s Island. He went back to the Spanish King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella with the thrilling—but false—news that he had discovered a direct way to Asia in order to secure additional royal funding. He consequently secured funds to command three additional expeditions to the “America” in 1493, 1498, and 1502.During his expeditions, he not only destroyed old civilizations but also killed almost eight million Red/Brown people, tortured and raped millions of them. and stole millions of acres of their land.
Here are five bad things about Christopher Columbus from historical records that show him to be one of the worst, if not the worst, monsters in human history:
Tribute System
The King and Queen had warned him to “abstain from inflicting any hurt,” but he disregarded their request. For instance, he established the “tribute system” in 1495, which called for every adult above the age of 14 to give him a “hawk’s bell” of gold every three months.One of these “tokens” to wear around the neck was provided to anyone who behaved. Columbus’ son Fernando claimed that those who disobeyed were “punished by having their hands chopped off” and “left to bleed to death.”
Grilled on Spits and Burned at the Stake
10,000 people in Haiti and the Dominican Republic suffered harm. Many of the natives were “grilled on spits and burned at the stake” while they were still alive, while the invaders “hacked the children into pieces”. Furthermore, the men of Columbus “tore the newborns from their mother’s breast by their feet and beat their heads against the rocks.” Other babies’ bodies, along with their moms, were “split” by them using their swords.
Mass Slaughter of Taino
Miguel Cuneo, a coworker on the ship, wrote: “When our caravels were to embark for Spain, we gathered 1,600 ‘Indians,’ both male and female. On Feb. 17, 1495, we informed the sailors that they were welcome to take them if they so desired. The Cueno took a teenage “Caribbean girl” as a gift from Columbus. When she “resisted,” he brutally beat her and sexually assaulted her.The wickedness of him was so effective that there were 8 million Taino when he arrived in Haiti, the Dominican Republic, and other Caribbean islands in 1493. That number was whittled down to just 3 million in just three years. In 1504 there were barely about 100,000 people left alive when he left.
New Kind of Slavery
Columbus not only invented a new kind of mass slaughter, but he also invented a new kind of slavery, which he changed into a kind of terrible work based on race and generation. In reality, according to the evidence provided by Dr. Loewen, “Columbus not only sent the first slaves over the Atlantic, but also sent possibly more slaves than anyone else—about 5,000 slaves.”
Commiting Atrocities against Indigenous People
Columbus committed atrocities against the Taino/Arawak/Lucayan inhabitants that Governor Francisco De Bobadilla imprisoned him for and sending him back to Spain in chains based on the evidence of 23 eyewitnesses. He was found guilty because the evidence was so convincing.
The Impact of Christopher Columbus on America:
Many of the things that people can enjoy now would not be possible without Christopher Columbus. The discovery of America by Christopher Columbus occurred on October 12, 1492 but a lot of people deny it, some people believe Columbus had an influence on the New World. When Columbus discovered the New World, Christopher Columbus’ impact on America had significant importance. The seclusion between Europe and the Americas was broken by Columbus. He introduced novel concepts and products, such as textiles. Who knows how the world would be right now if he hadn’t done these things?
Conclusion:
Monsters who are racist are despised by Italians and Americans. Racist monsters are despised by red, brown, black, and other people of color as well. We don’t celebrate them because we despise them.
According to a recently released study by Chinese experts. Their giant “Sky Eye China” observatory may have detected trace signals from a distant alien civilization.
According to a report that appeared in Science and Technology Daily, the official newspaper of China’s Ministry of Science and Technology, astronomers at Beijing Normal University found “several cases of possible technological traces and extraterrestrial civilizations from outside the Earth.”
China’s Sky Eye
The signals were captured by the largest radio telescope in the world. China’s Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST), also known as “Sky Eye.” In 2019, Sky Eye China was used to survey deep space for radio signals that might reveal extraterrestrial life.
In 2020, the researchers reported they discovered two suspicious narrow-band, possibly artificial radio transmissions while filtering through this data. Then, in 2022, another odd narrow-band radio signal was discovered, increasing the total to three. This was the result of a focused study of known exoplanets.
The signals could have been created by extraterrestrial technology. Since narrow-band radio waves are generally only employed by human aircraft and satellites. The researchers note that their findings are preliminary and should only be acted upon after a thorough investigation.
China Extraterrestrial Civilization Research Group
Zhang Tongia, lead scientist at the China Extraterrestrial Civilization Research Group at Beijing Normal University. Told the Science and Technology Daily that the team is currently working on an additional inquiry into narrow-band electromagnetic transmissions.
The likelihood that the suspicious signal is radio interference is likewise very high. This possibility needs to be validated and ruled out further. The report swiftly gained popularity on China social media platform Weibo after it was released and was picked up by a number of other state-run media sites. It’s unknown why it was suddenly deleted.
Big Ear Telescope
The signals are not the first time that radio waves from deep space have perplexed astronomers. In August 1977, the Big Ear telescope at Ohio State University detected an extraordinarily powerful, minute-long electromagnetic burst. That blazed at a frequency that researchers believed might be used by extraterrestrial civilizations.
Jerry Ehman, a researcher using the telescope that evening, quickly wrote “Wow!” on the sheet after detecting the signal on a data printout. And giving the observation its well-known moniker.
The signal may have originated from a sun-like star in the constellation Sagittarius. However, subsequent searches in the same area of space have all come up empty-handed. However, the origin of the signal is still unknown.
Radio interference:
Radio interference has infamously hampered alien-hunting scientists in the recent past, Chinese astronomers are eager to rule it out. A signal from Proxima Centauri. The closest star system to our sun and the location of at least one potentially habitable planet was seen by astronomers in 2019.
The signal was a narrow-band radio wave generally found in man-made artifacts. Scientists entertained the intriguing idea that it might have originated from alien contact technology. Live Science previously reported that the signal most likely originated from broken human technology, according to investigations published two years later.
Similar to the other famous set of signals thought to have originated from alien contact. Signals detected between 2011 and 2014 were later found to be the result of scientists microwaving their lunches.
In order to definitively exclude any radio interference and gather as much information as they can about the odd signals, Tonji has said that his team intends to make repeated observations of them.
According to Zhang, the Science and Technology Daily, “We anticipate that the [FAST telescope] will be the first to identify and prove the existence of extraterrestrial civilizations.”
The Fermi Paradox, or the apparent lack of sentient life outside of Earth, is a contradiction between the size and age of the universe. The paradox is named after Enrico Fermi, a Nobel Prize-winning scientist, who is credited with posing the famous question “So where is everybody?” during a lunchtime digression.
The hunt for alien technology:
Since the 1960s, when American astronomer Frank Drake used the 26-meter Tatel telescope to look for indications of technology in two neighbouring Sun-like stars, searches for technological signatures have been ongoing.
Techno signature searches have greatly improved in rigour and sensitivity over time. A billion times more radio spectrum can be processed by FAST’s equipment than Drake’s experiment could. Despite these developments, humans have yet to discover any proof of extraterrestrial life.
Massive volumes of data are combed through by FAST. A cluster of powerful computers, which receives 38 billion samples every second from the telescope, produces incredibly detailed maps of the incoming radio signals. Then, signals that resemble techno signatures are sought out on these charts.
FAST is able to detect exceedingly low signals thanks to its wide collecting area. Compared to Australia’s Murri yang telescope at the Parkes Radio Observatory, it is around 20 times more sensitive. A transmitter on a nearby exoplanet with an output strength comparable to radar systems on Earth may be easily detected by FAST.
Conclusion:
According to Zhang, China’s Sky Eye is the largest radio telescope in the world, the most sensitive in the low-frequency radio band, and is essential to the hunt for extraterrestrial civilizations.
The researchers also issued a warning, pointing out that further research is necessary to rule out the possibility that the odd signals are due to radio interference.
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